ForumforAstral
ESP or extrasensory perception is a perception that occurs independently of sight, hearing or other senses. Of people who have extrasensory perception are said to be psychic. It is generally ESP , a term that was invented by JB Rhine that the phenomenon began in 1927 to examine the Duke University (USA). ESP refers to telepathy , clairvoyance , knowledge , and more recently, remote viewing and clairaudience . The existence of ESP and other psychic powers such as telekinesis , is disputed. However examines the parapsychology these subjects, together psi called for over a hundred years in a systematic experimental basis.
Most of the evidence of ESP based on testimonies . write the skeptics usually to one or more of the following:
* Incompetence or fraud by parapsychologists or believers in psi
* trickery by mentalists
* cold reading
* personal validation
* selective thinking and confirmation bias
* poor understanding of probability and the law on big numbers
* do apply the results in the theory , retrohelderziendheid and retrospective falsification
* gullibility, self-deception and wishful thinking
The following case is typical of all the cases which are cited as evidence. ESP The unusual thing about this case is that it is a so-called psychic dog and not about a man. The dog in question was a terrier that ESP would have been because he knew exactly when his owner, Pam Smart, was to come home when they go shopping for example. The name of the dog was Jaytee. He has been featured in several television programs in Australia, the United States and Britain, where he lived with Pam and her parents, the first to the psychic abilities of the dog noticed. They noticed that the dog always went to the window at the exact moment that Pam was decided to go home. (How the parents knew that it was the exact moment that Pam decided to return home, is not known.) Parapsychologist Rupert Sheldrake investigated and declared that the dog is truly psychic. Two scientists from the University of Hertfordshire, Dr. Richard Wiseman and Matthew Smith, the dog tested in controlled conditions . The scientists presented their watches and set video cameras on both the dog and its owner. Unfortunately, various experiments later, they had to conclude that the dog was not doing what was expected of him. The dog went quite regularly to the window but once he did when his mistress decided to go home. That case was dismissed because the other dog clearly went to the window when he heard the house to stop a car. Four experiments were conducted and the results were published in the British Journal of Psychology (89:453, 1998).
Much of the belief in ESP is based on seemingly unusual events that seem inexplicable. However, we should not assume that can be. Every event in the universe explained Nor should we assume that what is unexplained is a paranormal (or supernatural) cause. Maybe an event can not be explained because there is nothing to explain.
Most ESP claims are not tested, but parapsychologists have tried to prove under controlled conditions. Existence of ESP Some, like Charles Tart and Raymond Moody claim success, others, such as Susan J. Blackmore , declare that they experiment failed to find irrefutable, repeated paranormal powers. proof after years Defenders of psi claim that the ganzfeld experiments, the remote viewing experiments of the CIA and the efforts of the Princeton Engineering Anomalies Research have demonstrated ESP. Psychologists who have studied, such as Ray Hyman and Blackmore, decided that there was fraud, mistakes, incompetence and juggling with figures. In obtaining positive results parapsychological studies thoroughly
